The Malaysian Insider :: Opinion
The Malaysian Insider :: Opinion |
| Revolusi rakyat Mesir kemenangan siapa? Posted: 14 Aug 2013 06:32 PM PDT
Semasa umat Islam menyambut Syawal yang penuh dengan pengertian kemenangan, Dataran An Nahdah di Rabaah Adawiyah bermandikan darah para demonstran yang kini mencapai angka 300 korban. Dunia terkejut dengan cara polis dan tentera yang berazam untuk menyahkan para penunjuk perasaan yang berkumpul hampir 48 hari pasca penggulingan Morsi, Presiden yang dilantik secara demokratik buat pertama kalinya dalam sejarah 50 tahun politik Mesir. Tiada siapa yang dapat menjangka apa yang akan berlaku seterusnya dan persoalan yang lebih penting ialah revolusi rakyat musim bunga 2010 tempoh hari milik siapa? Berakhirkah kuasa rakyat dan tentera kembali berkuasa? Tariq Ramadahan dalam satu artikelnya tentang perkembangan di Mesir menyatakan ' tentera tidak pernah kembali untuk satu alasan yang mudah bahawa tentera tidak pernah meninggalkan pesada kuasa di Mesir sejak kebangkitan rakyat tempoh hari'. Salah siapa? Politik di Mesir yang semakin rumit tidak mudah mendapat jawapan dari soalan yang mudah. Dalam hal penggulingan Morsi, seluruh dunia akur bahawa satu penggulingan ala tentera berlaku dan Morsi telah dizalimi. Lebih besar jenayah General As Sisi ialah beliau telah merampas hak rakyat yang memilih Morsi sebagai Presiden mereka. Alasan Dr Morsi digulingkan tidak masuk akal apabila soal ekonomi, kekurangan bahan api dan bekalan dijadikan sebab walaupun seluruh dunia mengetahui bahawa tentera masih menguasai semua sektor penting kerajaan termasuk ekonomi. Agak pelik malah melucukan apabila Dr Morsi dituduh gagal menangani keadaan sedangkan belum pun lagi cukup setahun perjawatannya. Namun dalam suasana kesusahan kehidupan di Mesir kekurangan bahan keperluan seharian mudah mengheret rakyat yang miskin memberontak. Itulah senjata General As Sisiy yang telah mengkhianati kebangkitan rakyat di Mesir dengan menggunakan kemiskinan dan dominasi tentera yang masih kuat ke atas rakyat Mesir. Salah siapa apa yang berlaku di Mesir? Amerika senyap Walaupun pemberontakan tentera dikutuk dalam dunia demokrasi namun dunia senyap dengan apa yang berlaku di Mesir dan Amerika berhati-hati antara menyokong tentera dan membela Dr Morsi sedangkan Amerika sebagai bapa demokrasi dunia lantang bersuara terhadap penggulingan ala tentera, mengapa Amerika diam di Mesir? Jawapannya ialah Amerika terpaksa mengimbangi dasar luarnya dengan menjadikan Mesir sebagai rakan strategik untuk memelihara kewujudan Israel. Menurut Mirwan Bisyara seorang penganalisis senior di Al Jazeerah bahawa sepanjang 3 dekad yang lalu, Amerika melabur hampir US 66 bilion dalam pembekalan persenjataan untuk Angkatan Tentera Republik Arab Mesir. Hubungan Amerika dan Mesir sejak Perjanjian Camp David berkembang menjadi struktural, operasional dan doktrinal. Struktural bermakna ianya formal dan ditentukan melalui perjanjian-perjanjian yang pertaruhannya ialah memelihara kepentingan Israel. Operasional ialah apabila Amerika dan Mesir sering mengadakan latihan bersama dalam dan luar negara manakala Doktrinal ialah keluarnya Mesir dari ikatan negara yang berkiblatkan Russia dalam zaman Gamal Abdul Nasir kepada kiblat arah Amerika semasa zaman Anwar Sadat. Doktrin ini begitu mendalam dan pastinya Amerika tidak mudah melepaskan hubungan ini. Tiada jaminan Dr Morsi yang dari Ikhwan Muslimin dapat melanjutkan hubungan intim ini dengan Amerika yang sangat diperlukan. Ikhwan terus dikhianati Ikhwan baru sahaja keluar dari dunia pergerakan rahsia kepada keterbukaan melalui penyertaan politik secara demokrasi. Ikhwan muncul sebagai organisasi yang paling tersusun dari sudut massa dan ketokohan sehingga tokohnya menjadi Presiden pertama yang dilantik secara demokratik. Namun badi Ikhwan sebagai pencabar regim sebelum ini masih melekat dalam benak jeneral-jeneral, manakala golongan sekularis tetap skeptikal terhadap penglibatan golongan Islam dalam persaingan demokrasi. Tanggapan agenda eksklusif yang menyisihkan hak wanita dan hak individu dan perlaksanaan syariah menjadi kempen golongan sekularis menolak Ikhwan walaupun terpaksa akur dengan kehendak rakyat umum. Malangnya golongan sekularis turut senyap terhadap apa yang berlaku dalam konteks rampasan kuasa walaupun mereka mengusung demokrasi dan pilihan rakyat di mana sahaja mereka berada. Bagi sesetengah pihak di Mesir kebangkitan rakyat hanyalah dengungan Ikhwan semata-mata sedangkan mereka lupa bahawa hak rakyat telah dikhianati dan Ikhwan hanya mempertahankan hak mereka. Seorang tokoh Ikhwan Mohammad Beltaji yang anak perempuannya berumur 17 tahun mangsa korban tembakan di Rabaah menyatakan di Al Jazeerah bahawa: "kami tidak meminta jaminan dari sesiapa pun, apatah lagi pihak polis dan tentera yang telah hilang maruah mereka, saya hanya menyeru rakyat Mesir yang ada harga diri menujukkan sikap mereka terhadap kebiadapan General As Sisi dengan turun ke jalanraya dan kembalikan maruah rakyat Mesir, saya tidak menuntut simpati sesiapa tetapi hanya mengharapkan masih ada harga diri rakyat Mesir...." Ketika artikel ini dituliskan, Ikhwan terus kekal tegas mempertahankan kedudukannya dan kebangkitan di bandar-bandar lain seperti Iskandariah, Ismailiya bandar Ikhwan diasaskan 1928, Arish dan Port Said menyaksikan beribu-ribu orang turun ke jalan raya membantah pembunuhan di Dataran Nahdah, Rabaah Adawiyah. Nampaknya suasana tidak akan berakhir dengan mudah. Turki membuat kenyataan tegas menegur tindakan tentera dan polis ke atas para demonstran. Malaysia masih membisu sejak ampasan kuasa tentera berlaku dengan alasan tidak mahu campur tangan. Perang saudara? Apakah kesudahannya? Adakah ia akan berakhir dengan mudah? kedudukan tegang antara Ikhwan dan para simpatiannya dengan tentera akannmelebarkan konfrontasi ini. Tentera tidak memahami bahasa politik, mereka hanya tahu kekerasan atas nama keselamatan. Ikhwan mempunyai pengkut hang ramai dan disiplin ketahanan diri, mereka juga tidak akan mengalah dengan mudah. Peningkatan konfrontasi ini akan melarat kepada tahap yang tidak diingini oleh masyarakat dunia tetapi kemungknan ianya berlaku bukan sesuatu yang mustahil, perang saudara! Kematian yang meningkat dan kesombongan regim patung tentera boleh membawa implikasi yang buruk, apatah lagi suasana konflik berterusan akan menguntungkan polisi Amerika bagi memelihara kewujudan Israel. Dunia harus kutuk pencabulan demokrasi di Mesir yang baru berputik, Malaysia mesti lebih tegas menekan Mesir dengan menutup kedutaan untuk menyampaikan mesej yang keras. Pelajar Malaysia di Mesir mesti dikurangkan berperingkat-peringkat dengan mencari alternatif lain manakala PBB harus mengeluarkan waran boikot terhadap Mesir kerana kebiadapan tentera mencabuli kuasa rakyat dan kemudian membunuh rakyat yang menuntut hak mereka kembali. Mimpi ngeri Tahap selanjutnya dalam perkembangan di Mesir ialah konfrontasi berterusan dari politik kepada pertumpahan darah kerana tidak ada tanda Ikhwan dan rakyat akan berundur. Saya harap andaian saya ini adalah silap kerana kesannya kepada seluruh dunia amat mengerikan jika perang saudara berlaku di Mesir.- 15 Ogos 2013. | |
| Emergency Ordinance not the answer Posted: 14 Aug 2013 04:55 PM PDT
I have been following the statements made by the Home Minister, senior police officers and UMNO bloggers who argue that the recent increase in crime is the direct result of the Prime Minister's repeal of the Internal security Act (ISA) and Emergency Ordinance (EO). They are now asking for these detention powers to be restored so the police can combat crime. Some who are clamouring for this U-turn had earlier supported the repeal of both laws only a year ago. Let us be clear, however, that the ISA was not used against hardcore criminals, whether it was during Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad's or Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi's tenures as PM. It was instead used against political opponents and those deemed to be religious "deviants". It's time we stop blaming the repeal of the ISA for the increase in crime. Now let's look at the Emergency Ordinance. I am still trying to understand how the introduction of new detention laws can help fight crime. What the police can do is detain someone—say a drug lord or a "five-star" gangster—for a year or two and put him in a restricted area, say somewhere in Johor. In the days when the EO was used against communist insurgents, the strategy of confining them within a remote and restricted area was effective because back then there were few roads and no television, mobile phones or the Internet. Held incommunicado, the communist operative could not carry out his activities or give instructions to his cadres. But the situation has changed. Mobsters and their syndicates now even have their own Facebook platforms from which they openly communicate with their members, and simultaneously challenge the authorities with their show of strength. In this modern context, how does detaining them help to combat crime? In the end, hardcore criminals must be put away in prison. Society must be protected in the fullest sense of the word, and not merely be granted a reprieve by selective and intermittent detention. Gang members must be made to realise that the police are stronger than them, and that there is no escape from the punishment of the law if they continue to engage in criminal activities. They must be convinced that the police force will get to them sooner or later. The public can also help if they think the police can protect them; otherwise, they will continue to pay protection money to the gangs. Suppose the rise in crime and violent killings is due to the police force's inability to cope, either because of a lack of resources or corrupt ties between the force's top guns and the drug lords and gambling syndicates. Suppose corruption has seeped in that deeply. If our problem is similar to say Mexico's, then taking the trouble to introduce new detention laws is a waste of time. A major overhaul of the police is the only way out of this mess. What the Prime Minister and his Home Minister Datuk Seri Ahmad Zahid Hamidi should do now is to take stock of the real situation and take immediate steps to fight organised crime in the way former President Felipe Calderón did in Mexico. He deployed the military to join forces with those in the police force who were still "clean" to fight the drug lords because he realised the police could not do it on their own. In five years he increased the recruitment of senior federal police officers from 7,000 to 38,000, and he persuaded graduates to enroll so that he could move some of the less reliable officers into retirement. He was not embarrassed to ask for help from the United States in terms of funding, police training and investigative resources to strengthen his own force. He improved the prosecutorial capability of the police force and re-organised the state police to work in tandem and closely with their federal counterparts. In other words, our leaders must accept that the situation with our own police force has become extremely alarming and urgently requires comprehensive and far-reaching measures. If police officers are on the payroll of the syndicates, then the syndicate bosses would actually want a short spell in detention until things cool down instead of having to face criminal charges in court. That means an EO can be useful to this gangster and can shield him from having to face the full force of the law. An EO, in other words, can be subject to abuse, and innocent parties can also end up being detained at the syndicates' behest. It's unrealistic and facile to reintroduce detention laws for such intractable and complicated problems. The root causes will not be addressed. When I was a Member of Parliament many years ago, senior police officers (retired and still in service) would confide in me about the problems of corruption in the force. That was one of the compelling reasons we wanted an Independent Police Complaints and Misconduct Commission or IPCMC to be introduced as part of a package to deal with the ailing force. If the problems are not as serious as I have painted, then we should be able to deal with them the way First World countries like Australia, Singapore and the United Kingdom do. They have a police force that is capable of investigating crimes professionally, and that has the capability to prosecute them in the courts of law. If our police force is tainted and is given detention powers once again, then the old system will be put back in place where there will be no incentive to diligently investigate and prosecute criminals. Why gather evidence and risk upsetting the "bosses" when a short detention will do the trick? Some mobsters may end up in Simpang Renggam with the new detention laws, but with their mobile phones and the Internet they can continue running their businesses. So how does an EO help us to reduce crime? It doesn't. Only spring-cleaning the police will restore the community's confidence in the country's safety and security. Half measures and knee-jerk reactions never solve anything. * This is the personal opinion of the writer or publication and does not necessarily represent the views of The Malaysian Insider. |
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