The Malaysian Insider :: Features
The Malaysian Insider :: Features |
| Africans get a kick out of Shaolin kung fu Posted: 15 Feb 2014 12:52 AM PST These are the warrior monks of China's fabled Shaolin Temple, the birthplace of kung fu which is spreading its gospel to Africa as part of a wood-smashing, sword-dancing, spear-balancing grab at global ubiquity. "Shaolin kung fu isn't simply a physical exercise," said 26-year-old Shi Yancen as he limbered up at the Chinese-built Grand Theatre in the Senegalese capital Dakar ahead of the monks' first ever show in west Africa. "Through learning kung fu you can also learn and admire the culture of Buddhism." Shi, who has an incongruously gentle face and looks barely out of his teens, has been mastering kung fu for half his life in the austere surrounds of the Shaolin Temple, nestled in the forested mountains of Henan, one of China's most impoverished provinces. A common sight for years across Asia, the United States and Europe, the Shaolin monks are turning their attention to Africa, where kung fu has been largely overshadowed by tribal martial arts but is quickly growing in popularity. Since 2008, monks from the temple have been wooing sell-out crowds in South Africa, Cameroon, Congo-Brazzaville, Equatorial Guinea, Burundi, Uganda, Eritrea, Rwanda, Ethiopia and Malawi, eyeing Africa's huge untapped potential. The attention is paying off, with thousands of youngsters taking up kung fu each year, and 12 nations, including Senegal, participated in the fifth pan-continental kung fu championships in Madagascar in September. The temple has no schools yet in Africa but its foreign liaison officer, Wang Yumin, said its strategy was bring pupils to China and get them to spread the message of "love, justice and health" back home. "The Shaolin Temple has the mission to spread our tradition and Africans have the same demand to share our legendary culture," she said. Students from six African countries started five years of training at the temple in 2011 and the monks have also begun shorter courses, all funded by China. In December apprentices from Tanzania, Ethiopia, Mauritius, Uganda and Nigeria graduated from the first three-month Shaolin Kung Fu African Class of the Ministry of Culture. "Life in the Shaolin Temple is unimaginably lovely and peaceful. It's not like the real world where there is so much hustle," one of the graduates, Nigerian Peace Emezue, was quoted as saying in the state-run China Daily newspaper. "I have found a lot of peace of mind here and to be at peace with myself. I would like to teach more people how to do that." Legend places the origins of the Shaolin tradition at 495 AD, when the emperor Xiaowen is said to have ordered the construction of a temple, deep in a mountain forest, in honour of a wandering Indian monk named Batuo. Around 30 years later another Indian ascetic named Bodhidharma arrived and spent nine years meditating in a nearby cave before teaching the monks Zen Buddhism – known as Chan in China – and the beginnings of what would become Shaolin kung fu. By its 13th century heyday, the temple was home to around 3,000 monks, but it fell on hard times after a warlord set fire to it during China's civil war in the 1920s and it was damaged further under Japanese occupation 20 years later. With kung fu outlawed during the 1966-76 Cultural Revolution, much of the temple was burnt down by Chairman Mao's Red Guards and deserted by the monks. The monastery's renaissance is largely the work of "Shaolin Temple", a 1982 martial arts mega-hit film starring kung fu champion Jet Li which established the monks as a global brand just as China was embarking on its economic liberalisation. Farmer's son and factory worker Shi Yonxin firmly ingrained the brand in the public imagination when he took over as abbott in 1999 and began sending his monks off around the world. Today the temple houses around 500 monks teaching and learning Buddhist theology, running schools and orphanages, practising kung fu and greeting the tourists who make the trip to its tranquil grounds each year in their millions. For some, however, the magic of Shaolin is wearing thin. Traditionalists have complained that the temple's financial adroitness is overshadowing the prowess of the students, who are swapping meditation for lessons in business studies and copyright law. The temple, which already has nearly 130 martial arts clubs in the United States alone, was criticised in 2011 over the commercialisation of Buddhism when it announced a vast business plan for global expansion. "We currently operate over 40 companies in cities across the world, such as Berlin and London," the Chinese Global Times quoted the financially-astute Shi, the first Chinese monk to earn a master's degree in business administration, as saying at a Beijing culture forum in 2011. Hanqiu Huang, the deputy chief of Henan's culture department, said ahead of the monks' west African debut in mid-January, Shaolin's expansion was fulfilling an overseas infatuation with its particular brand of spirituality. "The leader of the Shaolin temple is doing all he can to spread the teachings of Buddhism. He's not doing that for commercial reasons," she said. Whether Shaolin will catch on in Africa as it has elsewhere remains to be seen but the portents looked good on the monks' opening night in Dakar. "I wasn't expecting much but it was outstanding," said Marika Kotze, a 48-year-old IT consultant who has been living in the city for 15 years. "Wrestling is the big thing in Senegal but I can see this catching on." – AFP, February 15, 2014. |
| Not just baby talk – chatting spurs brain development Posted: 14 Feb 2014 06:10 PM PST And while high-pitched, sing-song tones may capture your baby's attention, the best way for them to learn is to be spoken to like adults. At least when it comes to vocabulary and sentence structure. "It's not just how much speech you get, but the kind of speech you get," said Erika Hoff, a psychologist at Florida Atlantic University. "Speech needs to be rich and complex." Talking to babies is so important that researchers say it is a major reason why children from disadvantaged backgrounds perform poorly in school. By the time they reach the age of five, the children of low-income, poorly educated parents typically score two years behind their privileged peers on standardised language tests. These differences can also be measured in the brain, said Columbia University neurologist and pediatrician Kimberly Noble. The human brain experiences incredible growth in its early years. By the age of three, it has formed 1,000 trillion neural connections – the links between cells that help the brain do everything from picking up a stick to remembering song lyrics. "A child's experiences really come into play to determine whether those connections strengthen or are dropped or pruned," Noble told reporters at the American Association for the Advancement of Science's annual meeting. Noble and her colleagues compared the brains of children with low socioeconomic status to those whose parents are highly educated and paid well. While they found differences in the core cognitive systems that support social skills and memory, the largest disparities were in the brain structures for language development. "With increasing age, children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds devoted more neural real estate to those regions," she said. Stanford University psychologist Anne Fernald has found that the language gap can be measured as early as 18 months. By a child's second birthday that gap is already six months wide. Fernald and her colleagues made recordings of what a group of low-income, Spanish-speaking children heard all day. They found that infants didn't gain much from simply overhearing their parents and caregivers talk – the real learning came from being spoken to directly. It is crucial to develop "culturally sensitive interventions" to teach low-income parents to talk to their children, Fernald told reporters. "There's a wide range of views about whether it's even appropriate to talk to a child – in some cultures it is not," Fernald said. A pilot project she is running in San Jose to teach Latina mothers to engage verbally with their children has shown promising results. "By 24 months, the children of more engaged moms are developing bigger vocabularies and processing spoken language more efficiently," Fernald said. While parents might want to help their children prepare for school by speaking to them in English, Hoff said they are usually better off sticking to their native tongue. A study she was set to present yesterday showed that when parents don't have a firm grasp of a second language, they aren't able to teach it to their children. Instead, they end up limiting their children's overall language development by failing to expose them to more complex speech. "We want to do whatever it takes to give children access to rich, varied language input at an early age," Hoff said. Parents wanting to enrich their children with a bilingual education also have to weigh the cost. "Learning two languages is a great thing. What we have to recognise is that learning two languages does not happen for free," Hoff said. "You don't learn two languages as quickly as you learn one." – AFP/Relaxnews, February 15, 2014. |
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