The Malaysian Insider :: Features
The Malaysian Insider :: Features |
| Posted: 11 Nov 2011 03:05 AM PST LONDON, Nov 11 — Scientists are cooking up new ways of satisfying the world's ever-growing hunger for meat. "Cultured meat" — burgers or sausages grown in laboratory Petri dishes rather than made from slaughtered livestock — could be the answer that feeds the world, saves the environment and spares the lives of millions of animals, they say.  File photo of people buying rabbit meat in Chongqing, China. 'Cultured meat' grown in laboratory Petri dishes could be on the dinner plate soon if scientists have their way. — Reuters pic The first lab-grown hamburger will cost around €250,000 euros (RM1 million) to produce, according to Mark Post, a vascular biologist at the University of Maastricht in the Netherlands, who hopes to unveil such a delicacy soon. Experts say the meat's potential for saving animals' lives, land, water, energy and the planet itself could be enormous. "The first one will be a proof of concept, just to show it's possible," Post told Reuters in a telephone interview from his Maastricht lab. "I believe I can do this in the coming year." It may sound and look like some kind of imitation, but in-vitro or cultured meat is a real animal flesh product, just one that has never been part of a complete, living animal — quite different from imitation meat or meat substitutes aimed at vegetarians and made from vegetable proteins like soy. Using stem cells harvested from leftover animal material from slaughterhouses, Post nurtures them with a feed concocted of sugars, amino acids, lipids, minerals and all other nutrients they need to grow in the right way. So far he has produced whitish pale muscle-like strips, each of them around 2.5cm long, less than a centimetre wide and so thin as to be almost see-through. Pack enough of these together — probably around 3,000 of them in layers — throw in a few strips of lab-grown fat, and you have the world's first "cultured meat" burger, he says. "This first one will be grown in an academic lab, by highly trained academic staff," he said. "It's hand-made and it's time and labour-intensive, that's why it's so expensive to produce." Not to mention a little unappetising. Since Post's in-vitro meat contains no blood, it lacks colour. At the moment, it looks a bit like the flesh of scallops, he says. Like all muscle, these lab-grown strips also need to be exercised so they can grow and strengthen rather than waste away. To do this Post exploits the muscles' natural tendency to contract and stretches them between Velcro tabs in the Petri dish to provide resistance and help them build up strength. Supporters of the idea of man-made meat, such as Stellan Welin, a bioethicist at Linkoping University in Sweden, say this is no less appealing than mass-producing livestock in factory farms where growth hormones and antibiotics are commonly used to boost yields and profits. And conventional meat production is also notoriously inefficient. For every 15 grams of edible meat, you need to feed the animals on around 100 grams of vegetable protein, an increasingly unsustainable equation. All this means finding new ways of producing meat is essential if we are to feed the enormous and ever-growing demand for it across the world, Welin told Reuters in an interview. "Of course you could do it by being vegetarian or eating less meat," he said. "But the trends don't seem to be going that way. With cultured meat we can be more conservative — people can still eat meat, but without causing so much damage." According to the World Health Organisation, annual meat production is projected to increase from 218 million tonnes in 1997-1999 to 376 million tonnes by 2030, and demand from a growing world population is seen rising further beyond that. "Current livestock meat production is just not sustainable," says Post. "Not from an ecological point of view, and neither from a volume point of view. Right now we are using more than 50 per cent of all our agricultural land for livestock. "It's simple maths. We have to come up with alternatives." According to a 2006 report by the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation, industrialised agriculture contributes on a "massive scale" to climate change, air pollution, land degradation, energy use, deforestation and biodiversity decline.  Post examines samples of in-vitro meat, or cultured meat, grown in a laboratory, at the University of Maastricht on November 9, 2011. — Reuters pic Hanna Tuomisto, who conducted a study into the relative environmental impacts of various types of meat, including lamb, pork, beef and cultured meat, said the lab-grown stuff has by far the least impact on the environment. Her analysis, published in the Environmental Science and Technology journal earlier this year, found that growing our favourite meats in-vitro would use 35 to 60 per cent less energy, emit 80 to 95 per cent less greenhouse gas and use around 98 per cent less land than conventionally produced animal meat. "We are not saying that we could, or would necessarily want to, replace conventional meat with its cultured counterpart right now," Tuomisto, who led the research at Oxford University's Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, said in a telephone interview. But she said cultured meat "could be part of the solution to feeding the world's growing population and at the same time cutting emissions and saving both energy and water." While experts in the field agree that within several years, it may be possible to produce in-vitro meat in a processed form — like sausages or chicken nuggets — producing more animal-like products such as pork chops or steaks could be a lot more complex and may take many more years to develop. Post, who is financed by an anonymous private funder keen to see the Dutch scientist succeed, hopes to hand the world its first man-made hamburger by August or September next year, but for the moment he admits what he has grown is a long way from a mouth-watering meal. He hasn't yet sampled his own creation, but reviews from others are not great. A Russian TV reporter who came to his lab tried one of the strips and was unimpressed. "It's not very tasty yet," Post said. "That's not a trivial thing and it needs to be worked on." But with the right amounts and right types of fat, perhaps a little lab-grown blood to give it colour and iron, Post is confident he can make his Petri dish meat look and taste as good as the real thing. He also hopes the ability to tweak and change things will mean scientists will ultimately be able to make meat healthier — with less saturated and more polyunsaturated fat, for example, or more nutrients. "The idea is that since we are now producing it in the lab, we can play with all these variables and we can eventually hopefully turn it in a way that produces healthier meat," he said. "Whereas in a cow or a pig, you have very limited variables to play with." — Reuters Full content generated by Get Full RSS. |
| Dubai readies for take-off of prestigious air show Posted: 11 Nov 2011 02:25 AM PST DUBAI, Nov 11 — Dubai gears up for its biennial air show which opens on Sunday with hopes of landing fleets of new aircraft orders after the fair's last edition was hit by the global financial crisis. Organisers of the Dubai Airshow said this year's edition will be the biggest in the history of the 25-year-old show, with a 10 per cent increase in size, and that some regional carriers are expected to come up with new orders.  File photo of the Dubai Airshow at the airport of the Gulf emirate on November 15, 2009. — AFP pic Up to 1,000 exhibitors from 50 countries and more than 55,000 trade visitors are expected, according to organisers. The chairman of Emirates, Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al-Maktoum, had hinted that the Dubai-owned carrier would be looking to buy new aircraft. The airline, which is one of the world's fastest growing carriers, has a fleet of 160 planes and an order book of nearly 200 aircraft. The latest announcement it made was at Britain's Farnborough show last year, when it said it ordered 30 Boeing long-range 777 units worth US$9.1 billion (RM28.2 billion), boosting its reputation as the world's most bullish carrier, a month after ordering 32 Airbus A380 superjumbos worth US$11.5 billion. It remains by far the largest single customer of the European manufacturer's giant airliner with 90 units, of which 15 have already entered service. Qatar Airways chief executive officer Akbar Al Baker had also reportedly spoken of a "multi-billion-dollar aircraft order" at the Dubai Airshow. The national flag carrier of the energy-rich Gulf state had been expected to place a massive order for 50 Airbus A320 neo-medium-haul jets and five A380 units at the Paris air show last June, but the deal did not materialise. The fast growing carrier has a fleet of 98 planes, and some 200 aircraft on order, worth over US$40 billion, including 60 Boeing 787 Dreamliners and 80 Airbus 350s. The long-awaited 787 Dreamliner, which made its first commercial flight last month, will be on display at the Dubai Airshow, along with many other commercial and private planes. Fighter jets, including Rafale, the pride of Dassault Aviation that France is hoping to sell to the United Arab Emirates, will also be on display, as well as the US-made F-16 and F-18 warplanes. The last edition of Dubai Airshow in 2009 was subdued as the global civil aviation industry was suffering a setback triggered by the global financial crisis. Although the five-day event then ended with deals worth more than US$14 billion, it remained poor compared with the 2007 edition during which manufacturers chalked up orders valued at US$155.5 billion, mostly from Gulf operators. The Middle East aviation industry had weathered the global crisis better than the sector in other regions, as it continued to register growth. A number of Gulf cities are pouring billions of dollars into vast airport projects as they vie to become regional hubs for transit travel between the West and Asia and Australia. But Dubai is by far topping the league with its Middle East's busiest airport that ranked the world's 13th last year after handling over 47 million passengers in 2010. In terms of international passenger traffic, Dubai claimed in May the fourth rank after London's Heathrow which handled 61.08 million international passengers, Charles de Gaulle in Paris, with 53.28 million and Hong Kong, with 50.23 million. Dubai Airports said it believed that Dubai International would become the world's busiest hub for international passenger traffic in 2015, when passenger handling is expected to exceed 75 million. — AFP-Relaxnews Full content generated by Get Full RSS. |
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